Organic Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula

Organic Dairy Formula with DHA & ARA

Phospholipids versus Triglycerides

Phospholipids Balance Fatty Acids in Formula

The Best Organic Start

Meets FDA Nutrition Requirements

Can my infant use Baby’s Only Organic^® toddler formula?

Nature’s One^® recognizes that breast milk is the best source of nutrition a mother can provide her baby the first year of life and offers advantages not found in any formula. Therefore, Baby’s Only Organic^® is not intended for infants under 1-year of age unless specified by a healthcare professional.

We also understand that long term or exclusive breastfeeding is not feasible for every mother. Therefore, we formulated Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas to meet the FDA’s infant formula nutritional requirements, containing all the nutrients found in leading infant formula brands. Baby’s Only Organic^® provides the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals needed to support normal growth and development of a full term, healthy baby.

To obtain a healthcare professional recommendation, please present the Dairy with DHA & ARA Nutritional Comparison Chart to your baby’s doctor.

For all ages, prepare Baby’s Only Organic^® according to label instructions.

What specifically are DHA and ARA?

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA). ARA (arachidonic acid) is an omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA). Both are non-essential fatty acids because the human body has the capability of making them from other available fats already consumed. DHA is made from linolenic fatty acid and ARA is made from linoleic fatty acid. Linolenic and linoleic fatty acids are essential fatty acids meaning that the body cannot make them and they must be provided through the foods we eat.

Food sources of DHA include cold water fish and their oils, egg yolks, and organ meats such as liver. ARA is found mostly in animal products, such as eggs, meat and some fish such as tilapia and catfish.

Why does Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy now contain DHA & ARA?

Nature’s One^® has provided its Baby’s Only Essentials^® DHA & ARA Supplement since 2006. Through popular demand, Nature’s One^® is offering its customers the convenience of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy Formula already supplemented with DHA & ARA.

There are presently no recommendations from the FDA or the American Academy of Pediatrics on the specific amounts of DHA and ARA needed daily in the diets of infants and young children. This is because the body has the capability of making these non-essential fatty acids. However, because DHA and ARA play a role in brain and eye development and also because there is no evidence that supplementation with these non-essential fatty acids is harmful to infants and young children, most infant and toddler formulas are now fortified with DHA and ARA.

The fat blend of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula meets the requirements of the Infant Formula Act and is appropriately supplemented with a 1:2 ratio of DHA and ARA. It contains 6mg of DHA and 12mg of ARA.

Why does Nature’s One^® sell Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with and without DHA & ARA?

The company has always taken the position that research has demonstrated mixed results in regards to the necessity of adding DHA & ARA to formula. Below are the two arguments that parents should consider when choosing a formula:

Reasons to question the necessity of adding DHA & ARA to formula:
Omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA, are not considered to be essential nutrients by the FDA. This is because the human body is able to convert the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic) to DHA and ARA and there is no evidence of immaturity during infancy of this metabolic conversion.^{1, 2} The Infant Formula Act as regulated by the FDA specifies the nutrients that must be used in an infant formula. This Act does not include any requirement for DHA or ARA.

Infant formula research has demonstrated that when a baby receives higher levels of essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic), the addition of DHA and ARA to an infant formula did not show any significant health benefits. All Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas contain high levels of these essential fatty acids.

To date, the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) has taken “no official position” on adding the DHA to formulas. The AAP also believes that “it is likely that any beneficial effects of DHA supplementation will be subtle and possibly not detected with available methodology

Good Reasons to Include DHA & ARA to Formula:
Breast-fed infants receive DHA and ARA from breast milk and studies show that breast-fed infants typically have higher blood levels of DHA and ARA in comparison to infants fed formulas without DHA and ARA. ^{3, 4} This has raised the question as to whether DHA and ARA supplementation is needed in infant formulas.

These fats are known to concentrate in the gray matter of the baby's brain and eye retina starting in the third trimester of pregnancy. Following birth, a baby continues to receive an abundance of DHA and ARA fatty acids through breast milk. Because DHA and ARA play a role in brain and eye development and also because there is no evidence that supplementation with these non-essential fatty acids is harmful to infants and young children, most infant and toddler formulas are now fortified with DHA and ARA.

1. Salem N Jr, Wegher B, Mena P, Uauy R. “Arachidonic and docosahezaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. 1996; 93:49-54.
2. Uauy R, Mena P, Wegher B, et al. “Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates, effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth,” Pediatric Research, 2000; 47:127-135.
3. Farquharson J, Cockburn F, Patrick WA, et al. “Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of infant cerebral cortex,” Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1995; 72:198-203.
4. Makrides M, Neumann MA, Byard RW, et al. “Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1994; 60:189-194.

What fats are needed for infants and young children?

Infants receive all of the different types of fats needed for growth and development from breast milk. The fat content of an infant formula is designed based on the estimated amounts and types of fats in breast milk. In the United States, the nutrient composition of a standard infant formula is regulated by the FDA through the Infant Formula Act. This Act specifies not only the nutrients that must be in the formula but also the amounts of each nutrient needed per serving.

As a comparison, the fat composition of breast milk can supply as much as 50% of the Calories but fat content is greatly influenced by mother’s diet and stage of lactation. Breast milk provides a good supply of essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) as well.

Infant Formula Act specification for total fat:

Total Fat	Minimum	Maximum
Per 100 Calories (per 5 fl oz of formula)	3.3 grams (30% of total fat)	6 grams (54% of total fat)

Infant Formula Act specification for essential fatty acids:

Essential Fatty Acids Per 100 Calories (per 5 fl oz of formula)	Minimum	Maximum
Linoleic Fatty Acid	300 mg (2.7% total calories)	No Max Required
Linolenic Fatty Acid	No Min Required	No Max Required

Although the Infant Formula Act does not specify the amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, the Institute of Medicine does provide recommendations.¹ These recommendations are based on the amount of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids estimated to be in breast milk. Breast milk provides approximately 500 milligrams of omega-3 fatty acids and 4.4 grams of omega-6 fatty acids per day. The actual amounts will vary depending upon a mother’s diet and her stage of lactation.

Institute of Medicine recommendation for non-essential fatty acids¹:

Essential & Non-Essential Fatty Acids	Omega-3 Fatty Acids (from Linolenic & DHA fatty acids)	Omega-6 Fatty Acids (from Linoleic & ARA fatty acids)
Infants 0 -12 months old	500 mg	4.4 grams
Infants 7 - 12 months old		4.6 grams
Children 1 to 3 years old	700 mg	7.0 grams

The FDA and American Academy of Pediatrics have not determined that DHA and ARA, non-essential fatty acids, are needed in an infant formula, almost all standard formulas today contain these added fats. At present there are no specific recommendations on how much DHA and ARA are needed daily for healthy full term infants and young children. However, a ratio of 1:2 for DHA and ARA is thought to be important for a child less than two years of age.²

The fat blend of Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy with DHA Formula meets the requirements of the Infant Formula Act, the omega-3 and omega-6 daily adequate intakes, and the 1:2 ratio of DHA to ARA:

Baby's Only Organic^® Fatty Acid Blend:

Fatty Acids Essential & Non-Essential	Total Fat: 5.3 grams Per 5 fl oz of formula	Total Fat Blend Per 5 fl oz of formula
Linolenic Essential Fatty Acid Omega-3 that converts to DHA	organic high oleic sunflower and/or organic high oleic safflower oil; organic soybean oil; organic coconut oil	128 mg
DHA Non-Essential Fatty Acid Omega-3	egg lecithin tested egg allergen free	6 mg
Linoleic Essential Fatty Acid Omega-3 that converts to ARA	organic high oleic sunflower and/or organic high oleic safflower oil; organic soybean oil; organic coconut oil	1000 mg
ARA Non-Essential Fatty Acid Omega-6	egg lecithin tested egg allergen free	12 mg

Once a child graduates to the family diet, an adequate intake of these fatty acids is usually provided by consuming a healthy diet of good foods and beverages with an appropriate amount of fats. The American Heart Association (AHA) suggests keeping total fat intake between 30 to 35 percent of calories for children 2 to 3 years of age with most fats coming from sources of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, such as fish, nuts and vegetable oils.³ A daily diet of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA &ARA Formula along with age appropriate and healthy foods can meet the AHA guidelines.

1. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, D.C.:National Academies Press, 2002.
2. Newton, IS. “Long-chain fatty acids in health and nutrition,” Journal of Food Lipids. 1996; 3:233.
3. Sourced July 17, 2011 from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/Dietary-Recommendations-for-Healthy-Children_UCM_303886_Article.jsp

What studies have been conducted to confirm the safety of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA Formula?

Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula meets the nutrient composition requirements of the U.S. Infant Formula Act. The requirements of the Infant Formula Act are based on years of clinical research on the appropriate nutrient composition for a breast milk substitute. All ingredients used in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula are well known and have been safely used in pediatric nutrition for decades. Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas do not contain any novel ingredients such as life’sDHA or GMO ingredients.

The use of egg phospholipids in infant formula has been widely studied. ^{1 - 12} A few highlights of these studies have shown the following:

• In a study with premature infants, DHA from egg phospholipid was better absorbed than DHA from single cell organism triglyceride oil. ⁶
• DHA from egg phospholipid increased red blood cell levels in infants and improved visual acuity. ¹⁰
• Infants fed a formula with egg phospholipid had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (death of intestinal tissue). ⁵

1. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, et al. “Neurodevelopmental quotient of healthy term infants at 4 months and feeding practice: the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,” Pediatric Research. 1995; 38:262-266.
2. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, et al. “Developmental quotient at 24 months and fatty acid composition of diet in early infancy: a follow-up study,” Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 1997; 76:421-424.
3. Amate L, Gil A, Ramirez M. “Feeding infant piglets formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as triacylglycerols or phospholipids influences the distribution of these fatty acids in plasma lipoprotein fractions,” Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131:1250-1255.
4. Bouwstra H, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Wildeman JAL, et al. “Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78:313-318.
5. Carlson SE, Montalto MB, Ponder DL, et al. “Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids,” Pediatric Research. 1998; 44:491-498.
6. Carnielli VP, Luijendijk IHT, Van Goudoever JB, et al. “Feeding premature newborn infants palmitic acid in amount and stereoisomeric position similar to that of human milk: effects on fat and mineral balance,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1995; 61:1037-1042.
7. Forsyth JS, Willatts P, Agostoni C, et al. “Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial,” British Medical Journal. 2003; 326:953-955.
8. Lopez-Pedrosa JM, Ramirez M, Torres MI, Gil A. “Dietary phospholipids rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid improve the repair of small intestine in malnourished piglets,” Journal of Nutrition. 1999; 129:1149-1155.
9. Morgan C, Davies L, Corcoran F, et al. “Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,” Acta Paediatrica. 1998; 87:136-142.
10. Watson, RR, editor. Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and Disease Causation. Urbana, Illinois: AOCS Press, 2009: 804.
11. Wijendran V, Huang MC, Diau GY, et al. “Efficacy of dietary arachidonic acid provided as triglyceride of phospholipid as substrate for brain arachidonic acid accretion in baboon neonates,” Pediatric Research. 2002; 51:263-264.
12. Willatts P, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Wildeman JAL, et al. “Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78:313-318.

When should eggs be introduced into an infant’s diet?

The most recent recommendation from the Academy of Pediatrics is that eggs can be given to infants when complementary foods are added to the diet. ¹ However, the DHA and ARA used in Baby’s Only Organic^® formula has been tested egg allergen free by a third party laboratory.

1. Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, and the Committee on Nutrition and Section on Allergy and Immunology, “Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas,” Pediatrics, 2008; 121: 183-191.

Is there any concern about egg allergy from egg phospholipid (DHA & ARA)?

Allergies to certain foods are caused by the body’s reaction to the protein component of a food. The DHA and ARA in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA Formula are sourced from egg yolk phospholipids, the fat component of the egg yolk. As an extra precaution, this product is tested egg allergen free by a third party laboratory. Most often an egg allergy is caused by the egg white, the major protein portion of an egg, rather than the yolk. Because only the fat or phospholipids (not protein) portion of the egg yolk is used and also because of the high quality and purity of the egg lecithin used, this product is free of egg allergen. If a child has a history of food allergies, consultation with the child’s healthcare provider is always recommended before use of any new food including Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA Formula.

What are the differences between Fish Oil, Egg Yolk Lipids, Algal/Fungal Oil?

There are 3 different sources that can be used for DHA and ARA in infant formulas – fish oil, egg yolk lipids, and microalgal oils for DHA and fungal oils for ARA.

Fish Oil: Because studies have shown that preterm infants supplemented with fish oil weighed less at various times during the first year of life compared to infants given a formula without the supplemental fish oil, fish oils have not yet been used as a source of DHA in infant formulas. ¹

Egg Yolk Phospholipids: Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula source of DHA and ARA is derived from egg yolk phospholipids, a safe and natural source of these fatty acids. Nature’s One has chosen to use egg phospholipids over life’sDHA™ algal oils because it is organic compliant phospholipid and not a hexane processed triglyceride.

The use of egg phospholipids in human nutrition, especially infant nutrition, has been widely studied. It is well understood that phospholipids form smaller droplets in the intestinal tract and are more easily absorbed in the intestinal tract and offer greater bioavailability than fungal or fish oils (triglycerides). Research suggests that the addition of phospholipids to infant formulas is desirable due to their important role in human milk. The phospholipids contained in breast milk are rich sources of DHA and ARA. However, infant and toddler formulas contain high levels of triglycerides formulated with vegetable oil blends (sunflower/safflower, coconut & soy oil), but are void of phospholipids. Knowing formula already provides abundant triglycerides, Nature's One believes adding a phospholipid to formula achieves a fatty acid profile more similar to breast milk; rather than adding more triglycerides as found in Martek's life’sDHA oils.

Algal & Fungal Oils: In 2001, US infant formula manufacturers began adding a novel source of DHA and ARA that is manufactured by Martek Biosciences Corporation and branded as life’sDHA™. Martek’s scientists published reports on these novel fatty acids and identified them as being triglycerides. ^{2, 3} The following is the manufacturing process described by Martek: “The oil is then separated from the dried biomass by hexane extraction and centrifugation and/or filtration, followed by winterization. The hexane phase undergoes additional centrifugation/filtration to remove solids then the winterized oil is heated and treated with acid. Subsequently, the oil is treated with caustic, centrifuged, bleached and deodorized.” ⁴

Nature’s One^® has never added life’sDHA™ to any of its formulas. Because of the harsh toxic chemicals such as hexane that are used to extract and process the life’sDHA™ oils, Nature’s One believes these ingredients have no place in any organic products, especially one designed for infants and young children. The non-profit organization, The Cornucopia Institute, has reviewed in detail the controversy surrounding algal and fungal sources of DHA and ARA along with reports of some adverse effects on infants when fed formulas containing life’sDHA™. The entire Cornucopia Institute’s report can be found at www.cornucopia.org

1. Carlson, SE, Cooke, RJ, Werkman, SH et al. “First year growth of preterm infants fed standard compared to marine oil n-3 supplemented formula,” Lipids. 1992; 27:901-907
2. Arterburn LM, Boswell KD, Koskelo E, et al. “A combined subchronic (90-day) toxicity and neurotoxicity study of a single-cell source of docosahexaenoic acid triglyceride (DHASCO oil),” Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2000; 38(1):35-49.
3. Arterburn LM, Boswell KD, Lawlor T, et al. “In vitro genotoxicity testing of ARASCO and DHASCO oils,” Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2000; 38(11):971-976.
4. Sam Zeller, Ph.D.; Martek Biosciences Corporation, Food & Drug Administration Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000137

Why does Baby’s Only Organic^® contain less DHA & ARA?

There are presently no specific recommendations on how much DHA and ARA are needed in an infant formula. Because phospholipids are better absorbed than triglycerides, the amounts present in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula and the 1:2 ratio of DHA to ARA are appropriate and safe and within the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine. ¹.

Remember, a full-term healthy infant has the capability of converting the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic) to DHA and ARA. High doses of omega-3 fatty acids like DHA and omega-6 fatty acids like ARA can cause gastrointestinal upset, loose stools or diarrhea.² Excessive amounts of DHA could also cause some disruption to the immune system and excessive bleeding. ²

The typical American diet with reliance on highly processed foods and fatty foods is high in omega-6 fats and low in omega-3 fats resulting in chronic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease later in life. Current recommendations suggest increasing the amounts of omega-3 fatty acids for a healthy diet and providing a better balance or ratio between omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. ³ The levels of DHA and ARA added to Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula are not considered high and also are in an appropriate ratio to promote good growth and development in infants and young children.

With the addition of DHA and ARA from algal and fungal sources (branded as life’sDHA™) to infant formulas, a number of adverse reaction reports have been submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration. ⁴ These reports document that feeding a formula containing life’sDHA™ resulted in a number of infants suffering gassiness, diarrhea, excessive spit up, and fussiness. When the infants were provided a formula without these DHA and ARA sources, the infants no longer exhibited the adverse symptoms. For these reasons, Nature’s One has selected an egg yolk phospholipid source for the DHA and ARA in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula and in an appropriate 1:2 ratio.

DHA & ARA Comparison Chart	Source	DHA (mg)	ARA (mg)
Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy with DHA & ARA	Phospholipids	6	12
Similac® Advance®	Triglycerides	8	22
Enfamil® Lipil®	Triglycerides	17	34
Gerber® Good Start® Gentle Plus™	Triglycerides	16	32
Earth's Best® Organic	Triglycerides	17	34
PBM Products: Parent's Choice®, Bright Beginnings®, Vermont Organics™, and All Store Brands	Triglycerides	17	34

1. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002.
2. Sourced July 17, 2011 from: http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/omega3fa/
3. Sourced July 31, 2011 from: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/omega-6-000317.htm
4. Sourced July 31, 2011 from: http://www.cornucopia.org/DHA/AdverseReactionReports.pdf

Does the DHA & ARA in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy formula deliver the same amount of DHA as the supplement?

Yes. The typical baby consumes 27 to 32 fluid ounces of formula per day. A typical daily consumption of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA Formula would include 32mg to 38mg of DHA respectively. Baby’s Only Essentials^® DHA & ARA Supplement’s recommended use includes one to two packets daily. The consumption of two packets of this product totals 30mg of DHA per day.

How do I mix Baby's Only Organic^®?

For all ages: To ensure appropriate nutrition, do NOT increase or reduce the recommended water to powder ratio. Mix according to label directions unless otherwise specified by a healthcare provider:

1. Using a chart below, pour desired amount of water into bottle then add an unpacked, level measuring scoop/cup of powder. Warning: Do not use a microwave oven to warm formula.
2. Cap bottle; shake well until powder is completely dissolved.
`
3. Feed immediately. Discard leftover formula after feeding or formula that is unrefrigerated for 1 hour or longer.

Storage:

1. Cover prepared formula and refrigerate; use within 48-hours to preserve vitamins.
2. Cover opened can with lid and store in cool, dry place; use within one month of opening.
3. Store unopened cans at room temperature; avoid extreme temperatures.

Important:
Always refer to the measuring instructions on the formula label as mixing directions have changed on the most recent production run.

Use Enclosed Scoop to Measure
When using the enclosed scoop, pour desired amount of water into the bottle then add unpacked, level scoops of powder. Fill powder to top of enclosed scoop. Eliminate air pockets by tapping the scoop.

BABY’S ONLY SCOOP (1 Scoop = 8.5 grams)
TO MAKE:	FORMULA POWDER:	ADD WATER:
2 fl oz bottle	1 unpacked, level scoop (8.5g)	2 fl oz
4 fl oz bottle	2 unpacked, level scoops (17g)	4 fl oz
6 fl oz bottle	3 unpacked, level scoops (25.5g)	6 fl oz
8 fl oz bottle	4 unpacked, level scoops (34g)	8 fl oz
1 quart	1 1/4 Cups (not scoops) unpacked & level (136g)	32 fl oz

"DRY" MEASURING SPOON
To Make:	Formula Powder:	Add Water:
2 fl oz bottle	3½ teaspoons	2 fl oz
4 fl oz bottle	7 teaspoons	4 fl oz
6 fl oz bottle	3 Tablespoons,  plus 1½ teaspoons	6 fl oz
8 fl oz bottle	5 Tablespoons	8 fl oz
16 fl oz container	½ Cup,  plus 2 Tablespoons  (Equal to 10 Tablespoons)	16 fl oz
24 fl oz container	¾ Cup,  plus 3 Tablespoons (Equal to 15 Tablespoons)	24 fl oz
32 fl oz container	1¼ Cups (Equal to 20 Tablespoons)	32 fl oz

METRIC MEASUREMENTS
To Make:	Formula Powder:	Add Water:
30 ml container	4.25 gms	30 ml
120 ml container	17 gms	120 ml
240 ml container	34 gms	240 ml

What if I am noticing a change in my baby’s bowel movements?

Dietary changes can affect the frequency and consistency of your baby’s stools. These dietary changes include: switching from breast milk to formula, switching formulas, and adding solid foods to the diet. Noticing a change in the stool consistency is more important than the stool frequency as it is not uncommon for babies to go several days without having a bowel movement. It can take up to a week for a baby’s digestive system to “learn” a new food. The stools of breastfed babies are usually soft and more “mushy” whereas formula fed infants have slightly firmer stools. The stools of breastfed babies are also more frequent than babies on formula. Grunting and grimacing during a bowel movement are often just baby’s way of experiencing the use of the various muscles associated with having a bowel movement.

If stools are hard and dry when passed and the baby is showing signs of pain and cries while trying to have a bowel movement, constipation may be suspected. Whenever constipation is suspected, it is always best to consult with your child’s healthcare professional to ensure that nothing medically is taking place.

Any of the following signs may indicate constipation:

• dry, hard stools and pain on passing them
• hard, pebble-like stools passed with straining during a bowel movement
• drawing legs up on the abdomen, grunting, getting red-faced, and/or crying when trying to have a bowel movement
• streaks of blood along the outside of the stool
• abdominal discomfort and distention along with hard and infrequent stools
• vomiting when trying to have a bowel movement

These signs warrant a call or visit to your child's healthcare professional. If constipation is untreated, it can lead to an anal fissure and/or impacted stools. These are very painful and require immediate medical care.

You might also try the following to prevent and treat mild constipation:

• Prepare the formula using the instructions on the manufacturer's label. Each manufacturer has its own recipe and processing methods, which result in the powdered formula having different densities. So it is important to use the manufacturer’s scoop rather than using a scoop from another formula brand. Be sure to use the appropriate amount of water with the powdered formula; otherwise the formula will become overly concentrated and could cause problems such as constipation. If you are using teaspoons and tablespoons to measure the powder, please be sure to use the measuring spoons one would use for baking and not household eating utensil spoons.
• Feed smaller volumes of formula more frequently. One saying that may help is “feed half as much twice as often.”
• If your child is in a very hot environment, one to two ounces of water offered between breast milk or formula feedings may help.
• Massage baby’s tummy by starting at the belly button and then massaging outwards in a circle in a clockwise direction. Only continue this if your child enjoys the massage and is comfortable and relaxed.
• Place your child on his or her back and move his or her legs in a bicycling motion. Hold the legs and turn them gently in a cycling motion.
• Give your child a bath in warm water. This may relax your child so stools are passed more easily. Once your child is relaxed in the bath, try massaging the tummy as noted above.
• Discuss with your healthcare provider the possibility of using probiotics to help alleviate symptoms.
• Do not use honey with an infant because of the risk of botulism.
• Do not use over-the-counter medicines without first checking with baby’s healthcare professional.

If after consulting with your child’s healthcare professional and lactose intolerance is suspected to be the cause of constipation, Baby’s Only Organic^® Lactose Free Formula may be an option. If the constipation is a result of a cow’s milk protein intolerance, Baby’s Only Organic^® Soy Formula may help given that it is lactose and dairy free. If your doctor recommends a probiotic, consider Baby’s Only Essentials^® Probiotic Supplement.

Is Baby's Only Organic^® with DHA & ARA USDA Certified Organic^®?

Yes, Baby's Only Organic^® Dairy, Lactose Free and Soy formulas are Certified Organic by OneCert. OneCert is a USDA approved government agency, similar to Quality Assurance International (QAI). For more information about OneCert, refer to their website at www.onecert.net. OneCert also complies with the new USDA National Organic Standards Program.

The eggs used for Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula are organic compliant and come from hens raised in a healthy, non-caged, tightly controlled environment and fed a special all natural non-GMO vegetarian diet. They are not sourced from mass production egg farms. In fact, the eggs’ purity is so high that they are also used for pharmaceutical purposes such as growing vaccines and carriers for injections.

The phospholipids from these eggs are organic compliant because nothing synthetic is used to extract the phospholipids. Unlike life’sDHA™ (used in all infant formulas), no hexane or other harsh chemicals are used in the extraction process. Instead organic compliant processes are used to extract the DHA and ARA from the egg yolk.

When should my baby switch from formula to milk?

Baby's Only Organic^® is an iron-fortified nutritional formula that provides the essential vitamins, minerals, protein, essential fatty-acids and carbohydrates needed to support your baby's continued growth and development. Baby's Only Organic^® is recommended for baby's 12-months or older. For use with infants less than 12-months of age, please consult a health care provider (i.e. pediatrician, nutritionist, dietitian, homeopath, naturopath, etc).

For mothers who are breast feeding a baby older than 12-months of age, Baby's Only Organic^® can be used to supplement breast milk or substitute breast milk feedings as needed. Baby's Only Organic^® can also be reconstituted according to package directions and used to mix cereals for the baby at any age.

Baby's Only Organic^® has been formulated according to the nutritional requirements as defined in the law called the Infant Formula Act. It is nutritionally comparable to other formulas on the market.

Dairy with DHA & ARA Nutritional Comparison Chart

Dairy Nutritional Comparison

Soy Nutritional Comparison

Nutritional Comparison to Organic Brands

BPA testing and 100% BPA-Free packaging for Baby's Only Formula.

Testing Concludes BPA Undetected
Nature’s One^® has finalized BPA testing on its powdered formula (produced in 2009) using a third-party laboratory. The testing method is 10-times more sensitive than the current test used by the FDA. As expected, no BPA was detected in Nature’s One^® formula products.

100% BPA-Free Packaging
With the help of Nature’s One^® suppliers, all components of our packaging used in 2010 are 100% BPA-free. This includes the new “easy-open” lid that once used an epoxy based resin. Nature’s One^® will be introducing new light-weight canisters and “easy-open” lids for all Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas and PediaSmart® nutrition beverages produced in 2010.

Environmentally Friendly Packaging
Our new canisters are good for the environment because they are recyclable and on average contain 50% recycled content. Additionally, the canisters are light weight since they are made of paperboard instead of tin. This reduces environmental waste and energy used in manufacturing and transportation. The canister’s metal top and bottom are also recyclable. Again, all components of the packaging are BPA-free.

As an organic manufacturer, Nature’s One^® is concerned over the level of chemicals ingested by infants, toddlers and children and will always use the highest quality ingredients and materials available to produce and package its organic pediatric products.

Can the Formula withstand weather conditions during delivery?

Please be assured that Baby’s Only Organic® Formulas can easily withstand the exposure to hot or cold weather conditions during the delivery period. Nature’s One® has conducted shelf-life studies that involve storing the formula at elevated temperature for an extended period of time. These studies confirm the vitamins and minerals in Baby’s Only Organic® can withstand hot weather conditions during delivery without compromising their integrity and the formula’s overall quality. In addition, the cans are flushed of oxygen (nitrogen flush) during the manufacturing process, which preserves the formula. You will be happy to know that the natural antioxidant properties in the organic ingredients also help to preserve the product while it is sealed.

Ingredients

Why are Vitamins and Minerals Essential Nutrients?

Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients needed by the body to perform all of its functions, thus they are essential for proper growth, development, and body maintenance. Vitamins are organic, meaning they come from living organisms. Minerals are inorganic, meaning they do not come from living organisms but from substances such as limestone, shells, or the earth. Except for two vitamins (Vitamin D and niacin), humans cannot make their own vitamins and minerals. They must be obtained from foods preferably or supplements if needed.

As important as vitamins are to the body, they can do nothing without minerals. Vitamins and minerals work together and are used as catalysts for many reactions that take place in the body. For example, vitamin C helps the body to absorb the mineral iron needed for healthy blood. The synergistic effect of calcium and Vitamin D in promoting good bone health is well known. Specific amounts of vitamins and minerals are needed for bodily functions. Too much or too little of any one of them can cause illness. The lack of Vitamin D, for example, can cause rickets (poor bone development). Too little iron in the diet results in anemia.

The best source of vitamins and minerals is food. Sometimes the body needs more than a person can consume from foods. Pregnant and lactating women will usually be advised to take a daily vitamin and mineral supplement. Breastfed infants may need an iron supplement after six months of age. Postmenopausal women need a calcium and Vitamin D supplement to prevent osteoporosis. Picky eaters, especially those who won’t eat specific types of foods, like fruits and vegetables, may need a daily vitamin and mineral supplement. Whenever there is any question about the need for a supplement, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare professional.

Many of the signs and symptoms of a vitamin or mineral deficiency or excess are very general and can result from a variety of medical conditions. It is always important to have your healthcare professional evaluate any symptoms so that appropriate care is given.

What is the difference between Water-Soluble and Fat-Soluble Vitamins?

Vitamins are often characterized as being water-soluble or fat-soluble. If the body does not need all of the water-soluble vitamins you consume, then the excess is excreted in the urine. However, this is not the case with fat-soluble vitamins. Any excess of fat-soluble vitamins gets stored in the body and they are not excreted. This can cause illness (hypervitaminosis). The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K. All other vitamins are water-soluble.

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Vitamin A: This is important for the development of bones and teeth and helps maintain the gums. It is essential for night vision, healthy skin, hair and mucous membranes. It is sometimes referred to as the anti-infective vitamin because it is required for the proper functioning of the immune system and helps prevent infection.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 300 IU (per 100 calories)
Good animal sources of Vitamin A include: milk and dairy products, organ meats such as liver.
Good plant sources of the pro Vitamin A carotenoids include: deep yellow and orange fruits and vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and dark green leafy vegetables.

Vitamin D: This is also known as cholecalciferol or Vitamin D3, is often called the sunshine vitamin because of the body’s ability to make it from the interaction of the sun on the skin. Vitamin D is essential for the development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin D also helps the body properly utilize calcium and phosphorus for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 75 IU (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: fortified milk, cheese, eggs, some fish such as sardines and salmon, and fish oils.

Vitamin E: Vitamin E is a generic term used to describe a family of eight antioxidants – 4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols. However, only alpha-tocopherol is the form actively used in the body and is, therefore, the form of Vitamin E found in the largest quantity in blood and tissues. Natural Vitamin E Acetate, also known as natural alpha-tocopheryl acetate, is the commonly used form of Vitamin E in foods and vitamin supplements. Vitamin E protects Vitamin A and the essential fatty acids from oxidation in the body. It is needed for the proper functioning of nerves and muscles and helps to form red blood cells, muscle and other tissues.

A deficiency of Vitamin E has been observed in individuals with severe malnutrition or who have a malabsorption syndrome such as cystic fibrosis or cholestatic liver disease. A deficiency of Vitamin E can result in neurological symptoms such as impaired balance and coordination, muscle weakness, and damage to the retina of the eye. Excessive Vitamin E can impair blood clotting leading to hemorrhage and can have a negative effect on white blood cell functioning.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 2 IU (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: poultry, seafood, green leafy vegetables, egg yolk, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, whole grains.

Vitamin K: There are three types
• Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone which is found in plants*
• Vitamin K2 or menaquinone which is synthesized by many bacteria
• Vitamin K3 or menadione which is a synthetic form

Vitamin K helps the blood to clot when the body is injured and is important in bone development and repair.

In newborn infants, there is a life threatening and preventable bleeding disorder known as Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB). This is the reason why it is standard practice to give all newborns an injection of phylloquinone after birth.

*Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 8.5 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: green leafy vegetables, pork, liver, oats, wheat bran, whole grains.

Biotin

Biotin is part of the B-complex of vitamins. It is thought to play a role in cell growth and is important in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates (sugars), and some amino acids (the building blocks of protein).

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 3 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: eggs, meats, fish, nuts, seeds, dried beans and peas (legumes).

Folic Acid

Folic acid, sometimes called folate or folacin or Vitamin B9, works with vitamins B6 and B12 in protein metabolism. It is needed to make genetic material (DNA and RNA). It promotes normal red blood cell formation and reduces the risk of neural tube (brain and spine) birth defects. This is one reason why a folic acid supplement is recommended during pregnancy.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 15 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: poultry, liver, dark green leafy vegetables, dried beans and peas (legumes), yeast breads, wheat germ, cereals, oranges, grapefruits.

Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3, is found in every cell of the body. It is necessary for energy production and to maintain the normal functioning of skin, nerves and the digestive tract. It can be manufactured by the body from the amino acid tryptophan. However, the amount needed by the body will usually exceed the amount that the body can produce and it is necessary to consume niacin from foods.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 1100 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: poultry, fish (especially tuna and salmon), beef, peanuts and peanut butter, seeds, potatoes.

Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic acid is also known as Vitamin B5. It is involved in numerous chemical reactions in the body and is essential for the metabolism of fat and sugars. Pantothenic acid is also involved in the manufacture of chemicals that regulate nerve functions.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 450 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: meat, fish, poultry, egg yolk, whole grain cereals, dried beans and peas (legumes).

B Vitamins

Riboflavin: also known as Vitamin B2, is found in every cell of the body and is needed for energy production. It also helps to maintain vision and the metabolism and proper functioning of skin and nerve cells.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 100 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, enriched breads, eggs, meats (especially organ meats like liver), green leafy vegetables, grains.

Thiamin: This is also known as Vitamin B1 and is important for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Thiamin also participates in the body’s ability to use protein and sugars for energy production.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 100 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: whole grain and enriched grain products, pork, seafood, cereals.

Vitamin B6: This can also be referred to as pyridoxine or pyridoxal. This vitamin influences many body functions including the regulation of blood sugar levels, the manufacturing of hemoglobin in red blood cells which carries oxygen to all body cells, and the functioning of the nervous system. As protein intake increases, so does the body’s need for Vitamin B6. Also, an adequate Vitamin B6 intake decreases the requirement for niacin from food sources because it aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 60 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: chicken, fish, pork, liver, whole grains, cereals, spinach, sweet and white potatoes, bananas, prunes, watermelon.

Vitamin B12: This is also known as cobalamin because it contains the mineral cobalt. It is crucial in the reproduction of every cell in the body because it is needed to make DNA, the genetic material required for life. Vitamin B12 is essential for normal growth, healthy nerve tissue, and the formation of blood cells.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 0.2 mcg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 0.45 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: All foods of animal origin (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and other dairy products) and seafood.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. Vitamin C has received a lot of attention because of its major role in the body as an antioxidant, a substance that prevents damage to cells from free radicals and pollutants, and as a protector against infections, particularly the common cold. Vitamin C plays a role in nerve transmission, tissue repair, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, and the enhancement of iron absorption. Vitamin C is used by the body to make collagen, the connective tissue in skin, ligaments and bones.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 20 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: citrus fruits, berries, melon, peppers, dark green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes, plaintains, tomato and tomato products.

Inositol

Inositol is not a true vitamin because the body can manufacture what it needs. However, it is often considered a water-soluble member of the vitamin B family. Inositol works with choline to help transport fat from the liver. It also helps maintain cell membranes and is involved in the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 5 mg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 15 mg (per 100 calories
Good Food Sources: liver, soybeans, eggs, whole grains, nuts, bananas, vegetables.

Choline

Choline is not a true vitamin because the body can manufacture small amounts of it. However, it must be consumed from foods to meet overall body needs especially during times of rapid growth and development such as pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and early childhood. Choline is an essential nutrient necessary for the structure and function of all cells in the body.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 12 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: beef liver, egg yolk, peanut butter and peanuts, soybeans and soy products.

How does the Human Body use Minerals?

Three minerals (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) account for 98% of the body’s mineral content and are especially important for bone health. In addition to these major minerals, the body also needs minuscule amounts of other minerals called trace elements. Trace elements such as iron, zinc, iodine are essential for the body’s enzyme systems to function properly. Three minerals (sodium, potassium, and chloride) are known as electrolytes because of their function in the body to conduct electrical currents.

The body can regulate the balance of minerals. If a person consumes more minerals than are needed, any excess is excreted. If the body lacks a mineral, it will compensate for this lack by absorbing more of the mineral from foods consumed. Otherwise, mineral supplements are usually unnecessary except in chronic conditions where food intake is limited or when nutrient absorption is affected.

There are a few exceptions to this. An infant is born with iron stores that will last for 4 to 6 months. An iron supplement (or use of an iron-fortified formula for non-breastfed infants) will be recommended to prevent iron-deficiency anemia. During pregnancy, an iron supplement is often recommended to prevent anemia in mom and to assure a good iron supply to the fetus. Calcium along with Vitamin D is often recommended to postmenopausal women to prevent osteoporosis.

The following is information on the major minerals and trace elements needed by the body.

Major Minerals

Calcium: Although the major function of calcium is the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, it is also needed to keep the heart pumping, muscles moving, and nerves communicating. Calcium helps regulate the passage of nutrients in and out of cells, assists in normal blood clotting, and is important to normal kidney functioning.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 135 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, fish with edible bones (such as sardines and salmon), oysters, tofu, dark leafy green vegetables.

Phosphorus: This teams with calcium to aid in bone and teeth formation, kidney function, and heart contraction. The balance of calcium and phosphorus is important in the body, especially in infancy, to ensure that the team works together well in keeping the body’s chemical balance.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 90 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: milk and dairy products, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, dried beans and peas (legumes).

Magnesium: This works with calcium and Vitamin C to maintain bone health. It is also necessary for energy production, the making of proteins used by the body to make cells and genetic material, the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction and relaxation of the muscles, and maintaining the delicate electrical balance of all body cells.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 9 mg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 20 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: soybeans and soy products, nuts, whole grains, dried beans and peas (legumes), green vegetables, whole grain breads and cereals, shellfish.

Trace Elements

Iron: As blood passes through the tiny air sacs in the lung, oxygen attaches itself to the iron in the blood. That’s how oxygen is carried to all parts of the body. Iron combines with protein and copper to make hemoglobin, a necessary component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells. Iron also is a component of myoglobin, a protein that stores oxygen specifically in muscle tissue. Approximately 90% of iron in the body is conserved and reused every day.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 1.8 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: meat (especially organ meats like liver), dried fruits (raisins, apricots), nuts, green leafy vegetables.

Zinc: This is needed for cell growth and repair, digestion and metabolism of nutrients, and is vital to the development of the reproductive organs. It also helps regulate the body’s immune response to infection and aids in wound healing.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 1 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: beef, liver, oysters, wheat germ, beans, nuts.

Selenium: In combination with Vitamin E, selenium works as an antioxidant to help maintain a healthy heart. Selenium provides elasticity to tissues and helps cells to defend themselves against damage from oxidation. Selenium also aids in the proper functioning of the pancreas.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 2.5 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: seafood, poultry, egg yolks, whole grain breads and cereals, eggs, mushrooms.

Copper: This is necessary for the absorption and utilization of iron in the body. Copper has an important role in the making of red blood cells and nerve fibers. It also works with Vitamin C to form elastin, a chief component of muscle fibers in the body. Copper is involved in hair and skin coloring, sensitivity to taste.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 70 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: Organ meats like liver, lobster, nuts, dried beans and peas (legumes), barley, prunes.

Iodine: This is probably best known for keeping the thyroid gland healthy. It is also involved in metabolizing fats and in regulating energy production.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 20 mcg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 10 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: iodized salt, seafood.

Manganese: This is used by the body as a preferred cofactor in several important enzyme systems and is essential for a healthy tendon and bone structure. It is necessary for the metabolism of thiamine and Vitamin E and helps to maintain the health of the immune and nervous systems.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 21 mcg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 55 mcg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: whole grains and cereals, nuts, leafy vegetables, molasses, soybeans, sunflower seeds, and tea.

Electrolytes

Potassium: This is an electrolyte and works with sodium to regulate the body’s waste balance, transmit nerve impulses, and regulate muscle contraction including the heart muscles. It is essential for metabolism and the release of insulin.

In infants and young children who have diarrhea or vomiting, an oral electrolyte solution containing a balance among sodium, potassium and chloride is usually recommended to help prevent the body from becoming dehydrated due to a deficiency in these electrolytes.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 120 mg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 140 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: bananas, citrus fruits, dried fruits, deep yellow vegetables, potatoes, milk, bran cereal.

Sodium: The primary role of sodium in the body is to maintain fluid balance. Sodium is an electrolyte and works with potassium and chloride to conduct electrical currents in the body and keep tissue fluids in balance.

A deficiency of sodium is rare but loss of sodium through diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating can cause dehydration, muscle cramps, weakness, and headaches. This is especially critical in infants and young children and the reason for use of an oral electrolyte solution with a balance of sodium, potassium and chloride when a child has diarrhea and vomiting.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 30 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: salt, milk, processed foods such as luncheon meats.

Chloride: This is an electrolyte and helps to maintain fluid balance in the body and also is a component of the stomach juices (hydrochloric acid) needed for digestion of foods.

A deficiency of chloride is rare but loss of chloride through diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating can cause an upset in the body’s fluid balance resulting in dehydration. In infants and young children who have diarrhea or vomiting, an oral electrolyte solution containing a balance among sodium, potassium and chloride is usually recommended to help prevent the body from becoming dehydrated.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 80 mg (per 100 calories)
Baby’s Only Organic® Soy Formula: 60 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: salt, milk, processed foods such as luncheon meats.

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates are one of the crucial dietary sources of energy that support the brain, enable muscular contractions, and provide the fuel necessary for a baby’s and toddler’s rapid growth, especially through 24-months of age. Each gram of carbohydrate provides 4 Calories. So it is important for a child to get adequate amounts of carbohydrates each day from good food sources.

Carbohydrates are sometimes simply called sugars or starches. They are classified scientifically as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides.

Monosaccharide is a one molecule sugar (referred to as a simple sugar or simple carbohydrate). Examples are glucose (sometimes called dextrose), fructose (sometimes called fruit sugar), and galactose. Glucose is the major fuel needed by the body for energy. This is why intravenous fluids (IVs) used in medical situations contain glucose (dextrose).

Disaccharide is made up of two monosaccharides (referred to as a simple sugar or simple carbohydrate). Lactose (sometimes called milk sugar) is made by the joining of one glucose molecule with one galactose molecule. Sucrose (also called table sugar) is made by joining one molecule of fructose with one molecule of glucose. The body breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides and then converts these to glucose providing needed energy for the body. Baby’s Only Organic® Lactose Free and Soy formulas do not contain lactose; none of our formulas contain sucrose.

Polysaccharide contains more than two sugar molecules. Examples of polysaccharides include organic brown rice syrup, as is found in Baby’s Only Organic® formulas, corn syrup, molasses, and starches. Polysaccharides are often called complex sugars or complex carbohydrates.

Simple sugars are quickly digested and absorbed by the body into the bloodstream. As sugar levels rise in the blood, the pancreas secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin is needed to move the sugar from the blood into the cells where the sugar is then used for energy. When this process goes fast, a feeling of hunger will more likely occur sooner. When it occurs slower, the body appears to be satisfied from hunger longer. Simple sugars usually cause blood sugar levels to rise quicker than complex sugars and increase the production and release of insulin by the pancreas. If the sugar in the bloodstream is not used by the body for energy, then it is stored as fat.

The longer the carbohydrate length, the slower the body breaks it down and, thus, the slower the absorption of the sugar from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream. If there is a slower absorption of the sugar, there is a slower release of insulin. Also, a slower digestion lets the body utilize the sugar for energy and there’s less potential for the sugar to be converted into fat.

Breast Milk is unique in its properties and cannot be duplicated. There are many unique compositional features in breast milk that result in its easy digestion by infants, including factors that help the breakdown of nutrients and their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. There is no comparing the lactose digestion of a breast fed infant to that of a formula fed infant because manufactured formulas do not contain the many other compositional features of breast milk.

Added Lactose The lactose used in formulas is derived from cow’s milk without the benefit of the unique features of human breast milk. In formulas containing only lactose as the source of carbohydrate, some of the lactose comes into the formula naturally as a part of the cow’s milk and the remainder is added lactose. The added lactose brings the total carbohydrate level to the requirement needed in a formula. In other words, the amount of lactose that comes in naturally with the cow’s milk does not totally meet the needs of a baby and additional lactose must be added. The only lactose contained in Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula is naturally occurring lactose derived from organic cow’s milk.

Organic Brown Rice Syrup The carbohydrate source added to Baby’s Only Organic® formulas is organic brown rice syrup. Rice is known to be a relatively non-allergenic food and well tolerated by infants. As a result, rice cereal is often the first food introduced to older infants. Organic brown rice syrup also offers the benefit of slower digestion and absorption providing a steadier level of sugar being absorbed into the bloodstream, a more even production and release of insulin, and a more even supply of energy to the body’s cells. In addition, Nature’s One® organic brown rice syrup is grown and processed without the use of chemicals.

Organic brown rice syrup is slightly sweeter than lactose but significantly less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) or cane sugar. The medical community has expressed concern over using cane sugar in infant formulas because it is five times sweeter than lactose and could pose health or medical issues related to obesity or dental caries. The carbohydrates in Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula consist of 35% naturally occurring lactose from the organic non-fat cow’s milk and 65% organic brown rice syrup.

Baby’s Only Organic® Lactose Free & Soy Formulas are the only lactose-free formulas in the U.S. that do not contain corn syrup or sucrose (table sugar). Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula contains naturally occurring lactose without the added lactose as found in leading brand formulas. The chart below explains the primary differences between the three formulas manufactured by Nature’s One®

BABY’S ONLY ORGANIC® FORMULAS
Dairy Formula	Lactose Free Formula	Soy Formula
Dairy Based	Milk Based	Soy Protein Based
35% Naturally Occurring Organic Lactose	Lactose Free*	Lactose Free; Dairy Free
65% Organic Brown Rice Syrup	100% Organic Brown Rice Syrup	100% Organic Brown Rice Syrup

*Do not use for children with galactosemia.

Lactose Intolerance Unlike other formula makers, Nature’s One® prefers to add organic brown rice syrup to its Dairy-based formula rather than more lactose. There are many children and adults who either lack or do not produce adequate levels of the enzyme lactase which is necessary to digest lactose. For example, preterm infants are often fed a lactose-free formula because of their inability to manufacture adequate lactase. When there are inadequate levels of lactase in the gastrointestinal tract, this is referred to as lactose intolerance. Symptoms include bloating, flatulence, loose stools, and in some cases diarrhea. If an infant does not produce enough lactase, then lactose will be a problem. Also, following an illness that causes diarrhea, such as the flu, the intestinal tract’s ability to make lactase is compromised. This is often why healthcare professionals will recommend a lactose free formula for children who have had a bout of diarrhea.

There is also a medical condition called galactosemia whereby a person cannot digest galactose, which is part of lactose. As noted previously, lactose is made of galactose and glucose. For people with galactosemia, they MUST avoid any dairy product or other foods that contain lactose and galactose. Baby’s Only Organic® Soy formula is appropriate for babies with galactosemia.

Baby’s Only Organic® Formulas: 10.8 g (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources Complex Carbohydrate: brown rice

Protein

Proteins are essential to life and are necessary for the body’s manufacturing and maintenance of all cells and tissues, including organ and brain development, and the making of essential body constituents such as hormones and enzymes. If excess protein is consumed and not needed by the body, it is converted to fat and stored by the body as a potential future energy source. Each gram of protein provides 4 Calories.

Proteins are made up of amino acids; there are 20 amino acids. Baby’s Only Organic® formulas (Dairy, Dairy-Lactose Free and Soy) provide all of the essential and non-essential amino acids needed to support growth and development.

The protein source in Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula is organic non-fat dried cow’s milk and the source in Baby’s Only Organic® Lactose Free Formula is organic milk protein concentrate. When human breast milk is unavailable for an infant, the recommendation is to use a dairy-based formula. A cow’s milk (dairy- based) formula is recommended because the proteins are whey (the liquid protein portion) and casein (the curd protein portion), which are proteins found in human milk. Baby's Only Organic® Dairy Formula and Lactose Free Formula consist of 18% whey and 82% casein.

Taurine is not an amino acid but an amino acid derivative. Taurine functions as an antioxidant and is involved as a part of bile acids in early infancy. Taurine is abundant in human milk, but not in cow’s milk protein or soy protein. Taurine is added to Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy and Soy formulas to the level in breast milk.

When children have an allergic reaction to cow’s milk protein and soy protein, hydrolyzed formulas are often recommended. The cow’s milk protein has been treated to break down the protein, which reduces the allergy potential of the protein. There are presently no organic hydrolyzed formulas on the market.

Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 2.6 grams protein (per 100 Calories)

Good Food Sources: Animal meats, fish, dairy products, soybeans, legumes, nuts

Fatty Acids

The term “lipid” refers to compounds including oils, waxes, animal fats and triglycerides that do not dissolve in water. Lipids are most commonly referred to simply as fats.

Fats constitute the principal structural material of all living cells and are an important source of energy. Healthy skin and hair are maintained by fat. Fat also helps the body absorb and move the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K through the bloodstream. Dietary fat intake provides needed essential fatty acids to the body. These essential fatty acids are linoleic acid and linolenic acid. These are fatty acids that the body cannot make and which must be derived from foods.

Fats provide 9 Calories per gram, more than twice the amount of energy provided by a gram of carbohydrate or protein. An excess of dietary Calories provided by carbohydrates, proteins or fats will be stored in the body as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue serves as insulation for the body’s cells and organs but an excess of fat can lead to overweight and obesity.

Triglycerides are the chemical form of fats that exist in foods as well as in the body. Animal fats, such as butter and lard, tend to be solid or semisolid at room temperature and are more saturated than fats from plant sources. Fats from plant sources are usually liquid at room temperature and are called oils. Most plant oils are made up of unsaturated fatty acids with the exception of coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils. There are two types of unsaturated fats:

• Monounsaturated fats: Examples include olive and canola oils.
• Polyunsaturated fats: Examples include fish, safflower, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils.

Fats are important nutrient for infants and young children. They are needed to support growth, development and energy needs. A child who is not eating or drinking foods with adequate amounts of essential fatty acids can develop a fatty acid deficiency. This is one reason why healthcare professionals strongly advise against the use of skim or low fat milks during early childhood. Signs of an essential fatty acid deficiency include poor growth, scaly skin lesions, dry brittle nails, dandruff, and lack of hair luster.

More than 98% of the fat in human breast milk is in the form of triglycerides. The most abundant triglycerides in breast milk are the saturated fatty acids oleic acid and palmitic acid. It also contains high proportions of the essential fatty acids linoleic fatty acid and linolenic fatty acid. Human milk also contains the non-essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and ARA (arachidonic acid).¹

The fat blend of Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas consist of organic high oleic sunflower and/or safflower oil, organic coconut oil, and organic soybean oil. This blend was developed because the percentages of the various types of fats are similar to breast milk. This combination of oils also provides appropriate levels of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). The fat blend of Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula meets the requirements of the Infant Formula Act and is appropriately supplemented with a 1:2 ratio of DHA and ARA.² It contains 6mg of DHA and 12mg of ARA.

1. Prentice, Ann. “Constituents of human milk,” Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 17:4, December, 1996.
2. Carlson, SE, Cooke, RJ, Werkman, SH et al. “First year growth of preterm infants fed standard compared to marine oil n-3 supplemented formula.” Lipids. 1992; 27:901-907.

LA: Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy & Soy Formulas: 1000 mg (per 100 calories)
ALA: Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula: 128 mg (per 100 calories)
ALA: Baby’s Only Organic® SOY Formula: 110 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: nuts, seeds, grains legumes, vegetables and their cold-pressed oils

DHA: Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy with DHA and ARA Formula: 6 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Source: fish such as salmon, sardine, tuna, and lake trout, egg
ARA: Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy with DHA and ARA Formula: 12 mg (per 100 calories)
Good Food Sources: animal meats, dairy foods, eggs, peanuts and nori seaweed

Nature's One^® offers three organic formulas that meet the nutritional requirements of the FDA's Infant Formula Act. The chart below explains the protein and carbohydrate variations between Baby's Only Organic^® Dairy, Lactose Free, and Soy Formulas:

*Do not use for children with galactosemia.

Nature’s One^® ingredient standards extend beyond “organic,” insuring the highest quality formulas available. The following information will help you compare Baby's Only Organic^® ingredients to other organic formula brands:

Carbohydrates

Brand	Carbohydrate Source
Baby’s Only Organic®	65% Organic Brown Rice Syrup 35% Naturally Occurring Organic Lactose
Manufactured by PBM:    Earth’s Best®    Wal-Mart® Brand    Vermont OrganicsTM    All Store Brands	Organic Lactose
Similac® Organic	Organic Maltodextrin, Organic Sugar from Evaporated Cane Juice

Baby’s Only Organic^® Toddler Formula uses organic brown rice syrup as its carbohydrate source in addition to naturally occurring organic lactose. Rice is known to be a relatively non-allergenic food and well tolerated by infants. This is the reason rice cereal is most often the first food introduced to older infants. Lactose has not been added to the formula; however, the cows milk used in Baby's Only Organic^® does naturally contain lactose. Earth’s Best^® and Wal-Mart^®'s formulas contain added lactose for carbohydrate, which may cause some concern if a baby is sensitive to lactose. Too much lactose can overwhelm the baby’s ability to digest the milk-sugar and cause gassiness, bloating and a very unhappy baby. If the parents are milk sensitive, consult with the baby’s healthcare professional and a non-dairy formula may be recommended such as Baby’s Only Organic^® Lacose Free or SOY formula.

Carbohydrates are one of the crucial dietary sources of energy that supports the brain, enables muscular contractions, and provides the fuel necessary for a baby’s rapid growth through 24-months of age. So it is important for a child to get plenty of carbohydrates from good sources. Baby’s Only Organic^® source of carbohydrate comes from organic brown rice syrup that requires minimal processing and offers the benefits of slower digestion and absorption of complex sugars that provide a steady supply of energy to a baby.

Organic lactose and evaporated cane juice are simple sugars. Simple carbohydrates are quickly digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing insulin levels. A more complex carbohydrate, such as organic brown rice syrup used in Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas, requires more time for digestion resulting in slower and steadier absorption of the carbohydrates into the blood stream and a more constant production of insulin. Organic brown rice syrup is slightly sweeter than lactose but significantly less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) or cane sugar. The medical community has expressed concern over using cane sugar in infant formulas because it is five times sweeter than lactose and could pose health or medical issues related to obesity or dental caries. The carbohydrates in Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy Formula consist of 35% naturally occurring lactose from the organic non-fat cow’s milk and 65% organic brown rice syrup.

Essential Fatty Acids

Brand	Linoleic Acid (per 100 kcal)	Alpha-Linolenic (per 100 kcal)
Baby’s Only Organic®	1000mg	128mg
Manufactured by PBM:    Earth’s Best®    Wal-Mart® Brand    Vermont OrganicsTM    All Store Brands	750mg	60mg
Similac® Organic	860mg	Not Stated

Earth’s Best^®, Wal-Mart^®'s brand, and Similac^® Organic are lower in the essential fatty acid, Linoleic Acid; the Alpha-Linolenic fatty acid composition is lower or not stated on the formula labels. These precursor fats are important for the body to convert to DHA & ARA and are critical to brain and eye retina development.

As shown above, Baby's Only Organic^® Formula contains higher levels of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. However, Nature's One^® recognizes that some babies may not be as efficient at converting linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid and therefore Baby's Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula may be used. The synthetic DHA & ARA used to supplement Earth's Best^®, Wal-Mart^®'s brand, and Similac^® Organic infant formulas are treated with hexane solvents, acid and bleach during the manufacturing process.

It is best to compare pediatric formulas using a 100-calorie serving, which is approximately 5-ounces of formula. So over the course of a day of feedings totaling 28oz, a baby consuming Baby’s Only Organic^® would receive 1,400mg MORE linoleic acid and 380mg MORE alpha-linolenic fatty acid when compared to Earth’s Best^® infant formulas. Remember, just because a formula is organic does not necessarily insure it is nutritionally advanced. Baby’s Only Organic^® takes advantage of modern nutritional science.

1. Austed, N. et al, “Growth and development in term infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: A double-masked, randomized, parallel, prospective, multivariate study,” Pediatrics (108); 2:372-381.

DHA & ARA Fatty Acids

Brand	DHA Fatty Acid
Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy with DHA & ARA	Egg Lecithin (egg phospholipid)
Manufactured by PBM:    Earth’s Best®    Wal-Mart® Brand    Vermont OrganicsTM    All Store Brands	Martek's DHASCO/ARASCO C. cohnii oil (algae) & M. alpina oil (fungus)
Similac® Organic	Martek's DHASCO/ARASCO C. cohnii oil (algae) & M. alpina oil (fungus)

Not all sources of DHA and ARA are biologically equivalent nor tolerated, absorbed and assimilated by an infant’s body equally. The human body metabolizes or uses phospholipids differently from triglycerides. Because triglycerides such as those in single cell organism oils (branded as life’sDHA™) are not soluble in water, they must be broken down and held in suspension – a process called emulsification – and require bile acids for digestion before they can be absorbed in the intestinal tract and then used by the body.

Because of their chemical structure, phospholipids have both hydrophilic (water soluble) and lipophilic (fat soluble) properties and are not reliant on bile acids for digestion. They form smaller droplets in the intestinal tract and are more easily absorbed in the intestinal tract and offer greater bioavailability. ^{1 13}

The use of egg phospholipids in infant formula has been widely studied. ^{2 - 13} A few highlights of these studies have shown the following:

• In a study with premature infants, DHA from egg phospholipid was better absorbed than DHA from single cell organism triglyceride oil. ⁷
• DHA from egg phospholipid increased red blood cell levels in infants and improved visual acuity. ¹¹
• Infants fed a formula with egg phospholipid had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (death of intestinal tissue). ⁶

Nature’s One selected an egg phospholipid source of DHA and ARA for Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula for its superior and documented benefits compared to life’sDHA™, which is being used today in all other formulas sold in the United States.

1. Parmentier K, Mahmoud KAS, Linder M, Fanni J. “Polar lipids: n-3 PUFA carriers for membranes and brain: nutritional interest and emerging processes,” OCL (Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides). 2007; 14:224-229.
2. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, et al. “Neurodevelopmental quotient of healthy term infants at 4 months and feeding practice: the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,” Pediatric Research. 1995; 38:262-266.
3. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, et al. “Developmental quotient at 24 months and fatty acid composition of diet in early infancy: a follow-up study,” Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 1997; 76:421-424.
4. Amate L, Gil A, Ramirez M. “Feeding infant piglets formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as triacylglycerols or phospholipids influences the distribution of these fatty acids in plasma lipoprotein fractions,” Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131:1250-1255.
5. Bouwstra H, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Wildeman JAL, et al. “Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78:313-318.
6. Carlson SE, Montalto MB, Ponder DL, et al. “Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids,” Pediatric Research. 1998; 44:491-498.
7. Carnielli VP, Luijendijk IHT, Van Goudoever JB, et al. “Feeding premature newborn infants palmitic acid in amount and stereoisomeric position similar to that of human milk: effects on fat and mineral balance,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1995; 61:1037-1042.
8. Forsyth JS, Willatts P, Agostoni C, et al. “Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial,” British Medical Journal. 2003; 326:953-955.
9. Lopez-Pedrosa JM, Ramirez M, Torres MI, Gil A. “Dietary phospholipids rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid improve the repair of small intestine in malnourished piglets,” Journal of Nutrition. 1999; 129:1149-1155.
10. Morgan C, Davies L, Corcoran F, et al. “Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,” Acta Paediatrica. 1998; 87:136-142.
11. Watson, RR, editor. Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and Disease Causation. Urbana, Illinois: AOCS Press, 2009: 804.
12. Wijendran V, Huang MC, Diau GY, et al. “Efficacy of dietary arachidonic acid provided as triglyceride of phospholipid as substrate for brain arachidonic acid accretion in baboon neonates,” Pediatric Research. 2002; 51:263-264.
13. Willatts P, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Wildeman JAL, et al. “Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78:313-318.

Kosher

Brand	Kosher Status
Baby’s Only Organic® Dairy	Kosher
Baby’s Only Organic® SOY	Kosher Pareve
Manufactured by PBM:    Earth’s Best®    Wal-Mart® Brand    Vermont OrganicsTM    All Store Brands	Kosher
Similac® Organic	Kosher

Baby’s Only Organic^® Toddler Formula is certified Kosher by Orthodox Union (O-U). The kosher symbol, O-U, is located on the front portion of the label. A current Kosher Certificate is available upon request.

Vegetable Oils

Brand	Vegetable Oils
Baby’s Only Organic®	Organic High Oleic Sunflower and/or Safflower Oil, Organic Soybean Oil & Organic Coconut Oil
Manufactured by PBM:    Earth’s Best®    Wal-Mart® Brand    Vermont OrganicsTM    All Store Brands	Organic Vegetable Oils (Palm or Palm Olein, High Oleic (Safflower or Sunflower), Coconut, Soybean)
Similac® Organic	Organic High Oleic Sunflower Oil, Organic Soy Oil, Organic Coconut Oil

Some formulas, such as Earth's Best^®, the Parents Choice^® Wal-Mart^® brand, and Enfamil^® use palm olein oil as part of the fat blend in their formulas. Palm olein oil is made from palm oil. Unfortunately clinical studies have proven the use of palm olein oil as a predominant fat source in infant formulas causes some babies to poorly absorb calcium resulting in lower bone mineralization.^{1, 2} When palm olein oil is provided in the formula, calcium soaps (calcium in fat) are formed in the gut. These calcium soaps prevent the absorption of fat and calcium in the gut and can also result in harder stool formation³ or constipation.

Almost 90% of all palm oil is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia at oil-palm plantations. This has resulted in widespread deforestation, destruction of rain forests, and putting the survival of some animals at risk. The razing by burning of tropical rain forests to make way for oil-palm plantations also results in the release of large amounts of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.⁴

Baby’s Only Organic^® Toddler Formulas contain no palm olein oil and no palm oil. Instead, Baby’s Only Organic^® formulas contain a blend of organic oils: Organic High Oleic Sunflower and/or Safflower Oil, Organic Soybean Oil and Organic Coconut Oil. Baby’s Only Organic^® vegetable oils are expeller-pressed, which is a squeezing process to extract the oil from the organic plants. No harsh chemicals are used to produce the vegetable oils.

1. Koo, W.W.K., et al, “Reduced bone mineralization in infants fed palm olein-containing formula: A randomized, double-blinded, prospective trial.” Pediatrics 2003; 111:1007-1023.

2. Kennedy, K. et al, “Double-blinded, randomized trial of a synthetic triacylglycerol in formula-fed term infants: Effects on stool biochemistry, stool characteristics, and bone mineralization.” Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70:920-927.

3. Nelson, S.E. et al, “Absorption of fat and calcium by infants fed a milk-based formula containing palm olein.” J Am Coll Nutr 17: 327-332.

4. Brown, Ellie and Jacobson, Michael F. Cruel Oil. Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest, May, 2005.

Nucleotides

Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy Formula contains naturally occurring nucleotides found in organic dairy protein. Nature’s One^® believes this is adequate to meet the growth and development needs of children. These organic nucleotides are not declared on Baby’s Only Organic’s label because it is not an ingredient addition - instead they occur naturally as mentioned.

Nutritional science and the medical community have not determined if there are any added benefits for added nucleotides - especially since all are synthetically derived. The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition weighs-in on this subject as well commenting that “...additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action, confirm clinical endpoints, and monitor the long-term effects of adding nucleotides to infant formula.” ¹

Most importantly, nucleotides added to conventional and organic infant formulas are derived by synthetic, non-organic methods. There are presently no organic or natural sources for nucleotides. We are therefore concerned about the harmful effects of the chemicals used to process nucleotides and the synthetic source of nucleotides; especially since the benefits of their addition have not been clearly demonstrated.

1. Reference: Committee on Nutrition, Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 5th edition, American Academy of Pediatrics, pg 618.

Taurine, Selenium & Iron

Baby's Only Organic^® formulas do contain taurine, selenium and iron, similar to conventional formulas.

Taurine, an amino acid normally present in breast milk, has been shown to play a role in retinal development, among others. Cow and soy milks do not contain adequate amounts of the amino acid.

Selenium is a mineral important for proper formation of red blood cells, development of skeletal muscle and proper growth. Selenium, too, is normally present in breast milk, but lacking in cow and soy milks. Baby's Only Organic^® contains added taurine and selenium.

Iron is added at the level recommended by the Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Inappropriate dietary iron could result in anemia, weakness, muscle fatigue, abnormal gastrointestinal motility, and a reduction of cognitive ability. This reduction in cognition has been shown to be irreversible, even once a normal iron level is retained.

Martek life'sDHA™

In 2001, US infant formula manufacturers began adding a novel source of DHA and ARA that is manufactured by Martek Biosciences called life'sDHA™. This DHA is derived from strains of algae; the ARA is manufactured using a non-toxigenic soil fungus. In 2006, organic infant formula companies began promoting their use of this same ingredient. The following is the manufacturing process described by Martek:

“The oil is then separated from the dried biomass by hexane extraction and centrifugation and/or filtration, followed by winterization. The hexane phase undergoes additional centrifugation/filtration to remove solids then the winterized oil is heated and treated with acid. Subsequently, the oil is treated with caustic, centrifuged, bleached and deodorized.” ²

Learn more at Cornucopia Institute

1. Austed N, et al, “Growth and Development in term infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: A double-masked, randomized, parallel, prospective, multivariate study,” Pediatrics, 108; 2:372-381.
2. Sam Zeller, Ph.D. - Martek Biosciences Corporation, Food & Drug Administration Agency Response Letter, GRAS Notice No. GRN 000137

Egg Allergy

Allergies to certain foods are caused by the body’s reaction to the protein component of a food. The DHA and ARA in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula are sourced from egg yolk phospholipids, the fat component of the egg yolk. As an extra precaution, this product is tested egg allergen free by a third party laboratory. Most often an egg allergy is caused by the egg white, the major protein portion of an egg, rather than the yolk. Due to the fact that only the fat or phospholipids (not protein) portion of the egg yolk is used and also because of the high quality and purity of the egg lecithin used, this product is free of egg allergen. If a child has a history of food allergies, consultation with the child’s healthcare provider is always recommended before use of any new food including Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula.

Organic Ingredients

Numerous research studies have documented the nutritional superiority of organic foods.¹ including a recent study from the United Kingdom that reported on the benefits of consuming organic foods.² Of particular interest is the finding that organic milk can contain up to 60% more antioxidants than found in conventionally produced milk. Antioxidants such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E are molecules that help to prevent damage to the body’s cells. We can anticipate many more studies and scientific reports being published soon that further document the benefits of organic eating. It is reasonable to believe that future studies will support theories that the human body must work harder to rid itself of chemicals and hormones used in conventional farming and food manufacturing.

Parents should be aware that there is growing confusion between the terms “natural” and “organic.” Don’t be fooled by the term “natural” when reading food labels. A “natural” or “all natural” product is not an organic product that meets rigorous standards and certification..³ The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) presently defines “natural” rules for only the meat and poultry industry..⁴ No other foods are covered and, in fact, other food manufacturers can create their own definition of “natural” for the foods they produce.

Consumers may also be under the false impression that “natural” foods are “greener” than their organic counterparts. For example, “natural” milk may come from dairy herds where hormones are not used. However, these cows are usually fed in factory farm feedlots rather than roam on chemical-free pastures as required for organic dairy farms. With more large corporations looking to the “heath food” industry as an avenue to increase profits, parents need to become better informed shoppers.

1. Benbrook, C, et al. New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional Superiority of Plant-Based Organic Foods. Boulder, CO: The Organic Center, 2008.
2. Butler, G, et al. “Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high- and low-input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation,” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008; 88(8): 1431-1441.
3. http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml Sourced July 13, 2009.
4. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/FactSheets/Meat_&_Poultry_Labeling_Terms/index.asp Sourced July 13, 2009 .

% Whey & Casein

Baby's Only Organic^® dairy formula contains naturally occurring casein and whey proteins. Our organic non-fat milk consists of 18% whey and 82% casein.

Lipids (Fats)

There is so much in the media about good fats, bad fats, essential fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol and differences in fats. It is hard for a person to know how to distinguish between fats and what is the most healthful to consume, especially for infants and young children. Here is a brief review of the types of fats to assist in understanding fats and their role in nutrition for infants and young children.

Fats are also called lipids and some are referred to as fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides or phospholipids depending on their chemical structure.

The basic chemical structure of a fat is a carbon chain to which oxygen is attached at one end of the chain and hydrogen is attached along the chain. Fats are classified as saturated or unsaturated depending upon whether the carbon chain is filled or saturated with hydrogen bonds or not filled (unsaturated) with hydrogen bonds. Solid forms of fat such as lard and butter are high in saturated fats. Liquid forms of fat such as vegetable oils, fluid at room temperature, are high in unsaturated fats.

Unsaturated fats can be further classified as monounsaturated meaning there is only one area on the carbon chain not filled with hydrogen or polyunsaturated meaning more than one area on the carbon chain is not filled with hydrogen. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can also be short, medium, or long chain depending upon the length of the carbon chain. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (also called LCPUFAs), such as DHA and ARA, have been receiving increased attention in maternal and child nutrition.

An unsaturated fatty acid can be further classified by where the first hydrogen bond is located on the carbon chain such as an omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acid. The beginning of the carbon chain on which oxygen is attached is called the alpha end. The end of the carbon chain is called the omega end. For an omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid, the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain is not filled or bonded to hydrogen. For an omega-6 fatty acid, this occurs at the sixth carbon position.

Unsaturated fatty acids can also be classified by how the body uses or makes them. Unsaturated fatty acids can be essential or non-essential. Essential fatty acids cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet. There are two essential fatty acids, linolenic fatty acid (an omega-3) and linoleic (an omega-6), both being required in an infant formula. The body has the capability of making non-essential fatty acids. The two non-essential fatty acids of more recent interest in infant and child nutrition are DHA made from linolenic fatty acid and ARA made from linoleic acid.

Triglycerides

A triglyceride, also known as a triacylglycerol, is a type of fat and consists of one glycerol molecule to which 3 fatty acids are attached. Triglycerides are found in animal fats and plant oils and are not soluble in water. Triglycerides are digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Because they are not soluble in water, bile salts are required for their digestion.

The DHA and ARA that comes from single cell organism oils derived from algae and fungus are fatty acids on the triglyceride molecule. These are the ingredient sources of DHA and ARA used to supplement all infant formulas, except for Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula. Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula and Baby’s Only Essentials^® DHA & ARA Fatty Acid Supplement contain DHA and ARA derived from phospholipids instead of triglycerides.

Phospholipids

Phospholipids have a structure like triglycerides but contain a phosphate group in place of the third fatty acid. Phospholipids are found in foods; good sources include egg yolks and soybeans. Because of the phosphate group, a phospholipid is capable of dissolving in water molecules and is therefore soluble in water. Unlike triglycerides, bile acids are not required for their digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Phospholipids are important structural components of human cell membranes. Phospholipids are to human cells what cellulose and lignin are to plants. They help to form the structure of the cell. All human cells contain a double layer of phospholipids. Also, when molecules such as proteins move across the cell membrane, phospholipids help their entrance. Therefore, phospholipids affect cell membrane flexibility, transfer of nutrients across the cell membrane, and how cells communicate with each other.

The egg phospholipids contain DHA and ARA as the fatty acids on the phospholipid molecule. Nature’s One^® uses egg phospholipids in it Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula and Baby’s Only Essentials^® DHA & ARA Fatty Acid Supplement.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is an important part of a healthy body because it is used to form cell membranes, some hormones and is needed for other body functions. The main concern with intake of cholesterol is that a high level of cholesterol in the blood — hypercholesterolemia — is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which leads to heart attacks.

However, breast milk contains good amounts of cholesterol. ¹ There is some scientific thinking that cholesterol in breast milk may be nature’s way of helping an infant’s body learn to deal with cholesterol intake later in life and may have a protective cardiovascular effect. Research is being done in the area of cholesterol intake during infancy and early childhood and potential health benefits later in life. This research is also investigating whether cholesterol should be added to standard infant formulas.

Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula contains 2 milligrams of cholesterol per 100 Calories (a 5 ounce serving). The cholesterol comes from the egg yolk phospholipid used as the source of DHA and ARA. The total cholesterol content of the diet will depend on what other foods infants consume as part of their daily diet once complementary foods are added to the daily meal plan. For comparison purposes, one large chicken egg contains approximately 215 milligrams of cholesterol.

1. Demmers TA, Jones PJH, Wang Y, et al, “Effects of early cholesterol intake on cholesterol biosynthesis and plasma lipids among infants until 18 months of age,” Pediatrics, 2005; 115: 1594-1601.

Egg Lecithin

Lecithin was first discovered in egg yolk in 1846 by the French scientist Maurice Gobley. He named it “lekithos” which is Greek for “egg yolk”. ¹ Lecithin is a phospholipid and a major component of human cell membranes. It is not an essential nutrient because the body can make lecithin as well as absorb it from the foods we eat. In food manufacturing, lecithin is used as an emulsifier, an ingredient that helps to blend other ingredients in a mixture and prevents them, especially fats and oils, from separating out of a mixture. An example of an emulsifier is egg yolk used in mayonnaise where the egg yolk stabilizes the other ingredients to prevent separation.

Since the 1930’s, soy oil has become the major and less expensive source of lecithin used in food manufacturing. However, lecithin from egg yolk and lecithin from soy oil are different in chemical structure. Although both are phospholipids, egg yolk lecithin contains DHA and ARA whereas soy oil lecithin does not. Use of egg lecithin in Baby’s Only Organic^® Dairy with DHA & ARA Formula offers the advantage of a safe, natural, and organic complaint source of DHA and ARA plus the added bonus of being an emulsifier to ensure good fat dispersion throughout the powdered formula.

1. Sourced July 31, 2011 from: http://www.lecithinguide.info/structure-of-lecithin.html

GRAS

The DHA and ARA used in Baby’s Only Organic^® is generally regarded as safe (GRAS). This organic compliant source of DHA and ARA are derived from egg yolk, and are considered GRAS. The hens are fed a vegetarian, non-GMO diet that is chemical-free and antibiotic-free.

The Cornucopia Institute rates the quality of organic milk:

The Cornucopia Institute rated 68 suppliers of organic milk in accordance to their compliance with the USDA organic certification laws and ethics of the organic industry. Milk suppliers can receive as high as a “5 cow rating” or as low as a “1 cow rating”. Complete listing

The Cornucopia Institute evaluated Nature’s One^® in its Organic Dairy Report and rated the company as “excellent” and issued a “4 cow rating”. Cornucopia described the “excellent” brands as “highly respected and source their milk from family-scale farms.” In contrast, other organic formulas are using milk from sources described as “giant agribusiness” and are assigned a “1 cow rating” and store brand organic milk products have received a “2 cow rating.”

Nature's One Rating
Nature's One^® purchases its organic nonfat milk from farmer-owned cooperatives. You can be assured that the cows raised on these farms graze in high-quality pastures. The result of quality pastures is healthy cows and high quality organic milk. The Cornucopia Institute also gave Nature's One^® organic milk suppliers an "excellent" or a "4 cow rating".

Other Brand Rating
Store Brand Rating

As family operated organic dairy farmers are nudged out of operation by big business factory farming, parents need to become savvy organic shoppers. The goal of USDA organic certification is to assure consumers that organic products meet the strict requirements as defined in the USDA organic laws. However, the bureaucracy of government and power of corporate dollars are quickly changing the organic dairy industry. Concerned parents need to look beyond the USDA organic seal and consider the living conditions of the cattle producing organic milk and what this means to their family’s nutrition.

The two primary issues of concern are the factory farms inability to provide pastures for cows to graze and their practice of selling unproductive calves and replacing them with more mature, conventional cattle. Cornucopia’s Organic Dairy Report (PDF)